在早期设计阶段，应为所需室内环境质量（IEQ）进行太阳阴凉设计。这个领域可能非常具有挑战性和耗时需要专家，复杂的软件和大量的钱。本研究的主要目的是设计一个简单的工具来研究各种型号的太阳阴影，并在早期阶段更容易且更快地做出决定。数据库生成方法，人工智能和优化已被用于实现这一目标。该工具包括两个主要部分。预测用户所选模型的性能以及提出有效参数和2.向用户提出最佳预准备模型。在这方面，最初，具有可变参数的侧向升鞋盒模型是参数建模的，并且将五种常见的太阳阴影模型应用于空间。对于每个太阳阴影和没有阴影的状态，模拟了与日光和眩光，视图和初始成本有关的指标。本研究中生成的数据库包括87912个替代和六个计算的指标，引入优化的机器学习模型，包括神经网络，随机Forrest，支持向量回归和K最近邻居。根据结果​​，最准确和最快的估计模型是随机的Forrest，R2_Score为0.967至1.然后，进行敏感性分析以确定每个阴影模型的最有影响力的参数和没有它的状态。这种分析区分了最有效的参数，包括窗口方向，WWR，房间宽度，长度和阴影深度。最后，通过利用NSGA II算法优化机器学习模型的估计功能，识别了大约7300个最佳模型。开发的工具可以为每个设计的各种设计替代品评估各种设计替代品。

Compared to regular cameras, Dynamic Vision Sensors or Event Cameras can output compact visual data based on a change in the intensity in each pixel location asynchronously. In this paper, we study the application of current image-based SLAM techniques to these novel sensors. To this end, the information in adaptively selected event windows is processed to form motion-compensated images. These images are then used to reconstruct the scene and estimate the 6-DOF pose of the camera. We also propose an inertial version of the event-only pipeline to assess its capabilities. We compare the results of different configurations of the proposed algorithm against the ground truth for sequences of two publicly available event datasets. We also compare the results of the proposed event-inertial pipeline with the state-of-the-art and show it can produce comparable or more accurate results provided the map estimate is reliable.

The purpose of this work was to tackle practical issues which arise when using a tendon-driven robotic manipulator with a long, passive, flexible proximal section in medical applications. A separable robot which overcomes difficulties in actuation and sterilization is introduced, in which the body containing the electronics is reusable and the remainder is disposable. A control input which resolves the redundancy in the kinematics and a physical interpretation of this redundancy are provided. The effect of a static change in the proximal section angle on bending angle error was explored under four testing conditions for a sinusoidal input. Bending angle error increased for increasing proximal section angle for all testing conditions with an average error reduction of 41.48% for retension, 4.28% for hysteresis, and 52.35% for re-tension + hysteresis compensation relative to the baseline case. Two major sources of error in tracking the bending angle were identified: time delay from hysteresis and DC offset from the proximal section angle. Examination of these error sources revealed that the simple hysteresis compensation was most effective for removing time delay and re-tension compensation for removing DC offset, which was the primary source of increasing error. The re-tension compensation was also tested for dynamic changes in the proximal section and reduced error in the final configuration of the tip by 89.14% relative to the baseline case.

Transformers have recently gained attention in the computer vision domain due to their ability to model long-range dependencies. However, the self-attention mechanism, which is the core part of the Transformer model, usually suffers from quadratic computational complexity with respect to the number of tokens. Many architectures attempt to reduce model complexity by limiting the self-attention mechanism to local regions or by redesigning the tokenization process. In this paper, we propose DAE-Former, a novel method that seeks to provide an alternative perspective by efficiently designing the self-attention mechanism. More specifically, we reformulate the self-attention mechanism to capture both spatial and channel relations across the whole feature dimension while staying computationally efficient. Furthermore, we redesign the skip connection path by including the cross-attention module to ensure the feature reusability and enhance the localization power. Our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods on multi-organ cardiac and skin lesion segmentation datasets without requiring pre-training weights. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/mindflow-institue/DAEFormer.

A track-before-detect (TBD) particle filter-based method for detection and tracking of low observable objects based on a sequence of image frames in the presence of noise and clutter is studied. At each time instance after receiving a frame of image, first, some preprocessing approaches are applied to the image. Then, it is sent to the detection and tracking algorithm which is based on a particle filter. Performance of the approach is evaluated for detection and tracking of an object in different scenarios including noise and clutter.

Increasingly taking place in online spaces, modern political conversations are typically perceived to be unproductively affirming -- siloed in so called ``echo chambers'' of exclusively like-minded discussants. Yet, to date we lack sufficient means to measure viewpoint diversity in conversations. To this end, in this paper, we operationalize two viewpoint metrics proposed for recommender systems and adapt them to the context of social media conversations. This is the first study to apply these two metrics (Representation and Fragmentation) to real world data and to consider the implications for online conversations specifically. We apply these measures to two topics -- daylight savings time (DST), which serves as a control, and the more politically polarized topic of immigration. We find that the diversity scores for both Fragmentation and Representation are lower for immigration than for DST. Further, we find that while pro-immigrant views receive consistent pushback on the platform, anti-immigrant views largely operate within echo chambers. We observe less severe yet similar patterns for DST. Taken together, Representation and Fragmentation paint a meaningful and important new picture of viewpoint diversity.

Machine reading comprehension (MRC) is a long-standing topic in natural language processing (NLP). The MRC task aims to answer a question based on the given context. Recently studies focus on multi-hop MRC which is a more challenging extension of MRC, which to answer a question some disjoint pieces of information across the context are required. Due to the complexity and importance of multi-hop MRC, a large number of studies have been focused on this topic in recent years, therefore, it is necessary and worth reviewing the related literature. This study aims to investigate recent advances in the multi-hop MRC approaches based on 31 studies from 2018 to 2022. In this regard, first, the multi-hop MRC problem definition will be introduced, then 31 models will be reviewed in detail with a strong focus on their multi-hop aspects. They also will be categorized based on their main techniques. Finally, a fine-grain comprehensive comparison of the models and techniques will be presented.

Multi-hop Machine reading comprehension is a challenging task with aim of answering a question based on disjoint pieces of information across the different passages. The evaluation metrics and datasets are a vital part of multi-hop MRC because it is not possible to train and evaluate models without them, also, the proposed challenges by datasets often are an important motivation for improving the existing models. Due to increasing attention to this field, it is necessary and worth reviewing them in detail. This study aims to present a comprehensive survey on recent advances in multi-hop MRC evaluation metrics and datasets. In this regard, first, the multi-hop MRC problem definition will be presented, then the evaluation metrics based on their multi-hop aspect will be investigated. Also, 15 multi-hop datasets have been reviewed in detail from 2017 to 2022, and a comprehensive analysis has been prepared at the end. Finally, open issues in this field have been discussed.

Regular cameras and cell phones are able to capture limited luminosity. Thus, in terms of quality, most of the produced images from such devices are not similar to the real world. They are overly dark or too bright, and the details are not perfectly visible. Various methods, which fall under the name of High Dynamic Range (HDR) Imaging, can be utilised to cope with this problem. Their objective is to produce an image with more details. However, unfortunately, most methods for generating an HDR image from Multi-Exposure images only concentrate on how to combine different exposures and do not have any focus on choosing the best details of each image. Therefore, it is strived in this research to extract the most visible areas of each image with the help of image segmentation. Two methods of producing the Ground Truth were considered, as manual threshold and Otsu threshold, and a neural network will be used to train segment these areas. Finally, it will be shown that the neural network is able to segment the visible parts of pictures acceptably.

Climate change is threatening human health in unprecedented orders and many ways. These threats are expected to grow unless effective and evidence-based policies are developed and acted upon to minimize or eliminate them. Attaining such a task requires the highest degree of the flow of knowledge from science into policy. The multidisciplinary, location-specific, and vastness of published science makes it challenging to keep track of novel work in this area, as well as making the traditional knowledge synthesis methods inefficient in infusing science into policy. To this end, we consider developing multiple domain-specific language models (LMs) with different variations from Climate- and Health-related information, which can serve as a foundational step toward capturing available knowledge to enable solving different tasks, such as detecting similarities between climate- and health-related concepts, fact-checking, relation extraction, evidence of health effects to policy text generation, and more. To our knowledge, this is the first work that proposes developing multiple domain-specific language models for the considered domains. We will make the developed models, resources, and codebase available for the researchers.